TIG, MIG/MAG and PAW (plasma arc welding) are widely‑used thermal processes for metal joining. Hardfacing, including laser cladding and plasma cladding, applies wear‑resistant layers such as Stellite cobalt‑based alloys onto component surfaces.
A low dilution‑rate guarantees overlay performance, which can be further secured by proper shielding gas and real‑time seam tracking systems. These factors jointly decide the service life of valve seats, shafts and other high‑load work‑pieces.